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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Disease model of addiction ： ウィキペディア英語版 Disease model of addiction The disease model of addiction describes an addiction as a disease with biological, neurological, genetic, and environmental sources of origin.〔(McLellan et al., ''Addiction is a Chronic Brain Disease'' (2000). Archived at the National Institute on Drug Abuse website. )〕 The traditional medical model of disease requires only that an abnormal condition be present that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the individual afflicted. The contemporary medical model attributes addiction, in part, to changes in the brain's mesolimbic pathway.〔(Leshner, Alan I., ''Addiction Is a Brain Disease, and It Matters'', Science 3 October 1997: Vol. 278. no. 5335, pp. 45 - 47 )〕 The medical model also takes into consideration that such disease may be the result of other biological, psychological or sociological entities despite an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of these entities. The common biomolecular mechanisms underlying all forms of addiction – CREB and ΔFosB – were reviewed by Eric J. Nestler in a 2013 review. ==Criticism== Critics of the disease model, particularly those who subscribe to the life-process model of addiction argue that labeling people as ''addicts'' keeps them from developing self-control and stigmatizes them. As noted by the harm reduction specialist Andrew Tatarsky: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Disease model of addiction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.